Incandescent lamp



Sept. 22, 1931. 0 1,824,429

INGANDESCENT LAMP Filed April 16. 1928 6 Sheets-Sheet l wa E GO.

Sept. 22, 1931. w, c 5 v 1,824,429

INCANDESCENT LAMP Filed April 16. 1928 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 VENTOR 14g 6. oss

Sept. 22, 1931. w, c 055 1,824,429

INCANDESCENT LAMP Filed April 16-. 1928 6 Sheets-Sheet 3 Fig 12 INVE j Wgpn E Gass A Sept; 22,1931. I I w c, 055 Q 1,824,429

INCANDESCENT LAMP Filed April 16. 1928 a Sheets-Sheet 4 V INV W0; )1 E E-ass ATTORNEY Sept. 22, 1931. w c, 955 1,824,429

INCANDESCENT LAMP Filed April 16. 1928 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 W. C. GOSS INCANDESOENT LAMP 6 Sheets-Sheet 6 Filed April 16. 192B Sept. 22, 1931.

Fig-

Patented Sept. 22, 193' UNITED STATES,

PATENT OFFlCE INCANDESGENT LAMP Application filed April 16,

; lights as by shaping the surface of an incandescent lamp bulb about the filament, covering a portion of the surface with a reflecting coating and other portions with an opaque non-reflecting coating and positioning the bulb in a reflector in a certain manner, it is possible to produce a headlight in which all of the upwardly sloping rays which are commonly known as glare rays, all rays absorbed in the lamp base and filament su port, and

,all rays normally wasted are re ected and re-refiected to certain sections of the roadway, or to any points so that an ideal'light or a flood light havin a bright light at all points with an intensi ed light shaft extend- 2. ing several hundred feet ahead of the car,

may be produced.

If rays of light are thrown against a point on a reflector from a plurality of points the reflected rays will follow a plurality of angles :m to different points and by positioning the filament of a bulb in a reflector ata certain point, providing reflecting surfaces on parts of the surface of the bulb and distorting or shaping these surfaces so that they will reflect rays 35 f light from the filament against the reflector at different angles, it will be possible to scientifically shape the surface of the bulb so that the rays may be reflected against the reflector at predetermined angles and therewvfore be re-reflected to any pre-determined point.

The invention may also be defined as an inca ndcscent lamp bulb in which the upper portion may or may not be made spherical and the lower portion which may be a reflecting 1928. Serial No. 270,219.

surface is formed of ortions of a plurality of ellipses or by an infinite series of tangents to arcs described about a plurality of points at infinitely short distances apart, or by an infinite number of curved surfaces positioned to produce an infinite number of reflected images about the filament. so that rays of light may be concentrated or distributed as may be desired.

The object of the invention is to provide a bulb that is particularly adaptable for motor vehicle head lights which is so designed that some of the rays of light may be intercepted and reflected to any suitable point or to any suitable number of points.

Another object of the invention is to provide means for obtaining a plurality ofreflected images adjacent the filament in a lamp bulb having portions of the surface covered with a reflecting coating.

Another object of the invention is to provide means for shaping a lamp bulb so that portions thereof may be covered with a reflecting coating which will reflect some of the rays of light back through the bulb so that they will pass through points about the filament and be re-reflected wherever desired by a reflector in which the lamp may be placed.

Another object of the invention is to provide means within a lamp bulb for intercepting the rays of light that normally strike the base of the bulb or the area around the base and reflect these rays toward the front.

Another object of the invention is to pro.- vide a baflle positioned on the filament sup-' port and shaped to intercept rays of light passing backward and reflect them forward.

Another object of the invention is to provide: a bafiie positioned onthe filament sup port of an incandescent lamp bulb to inter- I cept rays of light passing backward which is so shaped that it will reflect these rays downward in front of the lamp and also to- 7' ward thesides.

A further object of the invention is to provide means for forming the surface of a lamp bulb so that all of the light rays may be controlled and utilized.

And a still further object of the invention is to provide means for shaping the surface of a lamp bulb and covering the parts thereof with a reflecting coating so that rays of'light reflected from the coating may be re-reflected from a surrounding reflector and concentrated at a certain point, or at a certain number of points.

With these ends in View the invention embodies an incandescent lamp bulb in which the filament may be positioned on one side of the center and the surface distorted and partly coated with a reflecting coating and a reflector provided on the filament support, so that all of the light rays from the filament may be controlled.

Other features and advantages of the invention will appear from the following description, taken in connection with the drawings, wherein:

Figure 1 is a plan view of an incandescent lamp bulb showing the filament positioned on one side of the center so that when a portion of the bulb. is covered with a reflecting coating, an image of the filament 'will be observed on the opposite side of the center when looking through the clear side of the bulb.

- Figure 2 is a side elevation of the bulb shown in Figure 1.

Figure 3 is a View showing the bulb shown in Figure 1 with parts of the surface of the bulb opaque and parts covered with a reflecting surface and also showing the path of the rays from the reflecting surface.

Figure 4 is a view showing the path of the reflected rays and the relative positions of the rays striking a plane cut through the rays.

Figure 5 is a diagrammatic plan view showing a lamp bulb in which the surface is made in an infinite series of lines which will provide an infinite number of reflected images distributed along the longitudinal axis of a bulb.

Figure 6 is a side elevation of the bulb shown in Figure 5 in which the reflected images will'not be visible as the reflecting surface is not directly opposite.

Figure 7 is a view showing the bulb shown in Figure 5 positioned in a reflector with lines indicating the path of the rays from the filament and some of the tangents.

Figure 8 is a view showing the projected rays with a section showing the points at' which the rays will strike a plane cut through the rays.

Figure 9 is a View showing the points at which the rays of light will strike a plane cut through the rays which indicates a possible result that may be obtained by positioning the filament of the bulb, or chang- -method of constructing the ing the filament in relation to the focal point so that the rays from the upper part of the reflector are focused into the lower semiciircle providing a straight line at the upper e ge.

Figure 10 is a plan view of a lamp bulb in which the front of the bulb is curved inward and constructed by tangents of a series of hyperbolas so that a result similar to that obtained by the lamp shown in Figure 5 may be obtained without extending the front of the bulb, and besides some of the direct upwardly inclined rays at the front which are destroyed in the design shown in Figure 5 are reflected downward upon the road.

Figure 11 is a view showing the bulb shown in Figure 10 positioned in the reflector and indicating the direction of the light rays.

Figure 12 is a section showing the positions of the rays on a plane cut through the rays in which an intensified light shaft is obtained which is shown at the center, and the remaining rays distributed in bands over the remaining portion of a semi-circle with the intensity decreasing as the distance from the center increases.

Figure 13 is a view showing the projected rays with a plurality of lines at equal angles with the spaces between the lines representing the rays from the different reflected images and the area of the roadway covered by each image. 7

Figure 14 is a diagrammatic view showing a lamp bulb which is constructed with a plurality of ellipses so that reflected images may be obtained at a plurality of points around or above or below the filament so that the reflected rays may be directed to any suitable area.

Figure 15 is a view showing the bulb shown in Figure 14 positioned in a reflector with lines indicating the theoretical paths of the rays of light.

Figure 16 is a view showing a theoretical bulb shown in Figure 14.

Figure 17 is a view showing a lamp bulb with an indented front in combination with a plurality of individually curved surfaces by which rays of light may be directed to any suitable point.

Figure 18 is a similar view showing the front indented in such a-manner that prac tically all of the rays striking the front will be reflected toward one side.

Figure 19 is a view showing approximately the horizontal path of some rays of light which may be reflected by reflecting the rays of light with .a reflecting coating on the bulb through points to one side of the light filament so that they will strike the upper portion of the reflector at an angle and thereforebe reflected side-wise.

Figure 20 is a vertical section showing the path of the rays'of light shown in Figure 19 as they would appear in a vertical plane.

Figure 21 is a view showing a cross section of a possible light shaft that may be produced with the surfaces of the bulb shaped-as shown in Figures 14 and 17.

Figure 22 is a view showing a lamp bulb similar to the bulb shown in Figure 10 with the reflecting surface positioned upon the filament support.

Figures 23 is a similar view showing a bulb similar to that shown in Figures 1 and 3.

Figure 24 is a front view of the reflector shown in Figure 22. a

Figure 25 is a plan view of the reflector shown in Figure 22.

Figure 26-is a view looking upward toward the under side of the reflector shown in Figure 22.

Figure 27 is a view showing a bulb with the surfaces reversed so that the rays will pass downward out of the lower part of the bulb instead of the upper.

For the purpose of illustrating the invention, the term reflected image is applied to an actual ima e that may be seen by looking into a lampflulb with the portion of the bulb on the opposite side from that of the eye covered with a reflecting coating and the filament positioned on one side of the center. The reflected image is of course the point through which the rays of light from the filament will pass through the central portion of the bulb as they return fromthe reflecting coating. In an ellipse which has two focal points and with the filament placed at one of these focal points the reflected image will appear at the other focal point so that by combining a plurality of curves in the surface of a lamp bulb it is possible to produce a plurality of reflected images and position them wherever desired.

In the drawings the device is shown as it would be made wherein numeral 1 indicates a spherical bulb having a filament 2 that is positioned on the side of the'center adjacent the base of the lamp with the tip of the filament extending approximately to the center. In this design a part of the surface of the bulb is covered with a reflecting coating as indicated by the vertical lines shown in Figures 2 and 3 extending approximately from the horizontal center around the lower surface between the points 3 and 4 on one side of the bulb and upward over the upper side between the points 5 and 6. The forward tip of the bulb is covered with an opaque nonreflecting surface as shownby the stipplingextending from the horizontal center over the upper side of the bulbbetween the points 7 and 8 and also with asimilar surface around the base between the points 3 and 5. This surface may be made asshown in Figure 3 or the sides may be cut out as shown in Figure 2, and although the open space is shown triangular it may be of any suitable shape.

Similar open spaces may be provided in the sides of the bulbs of any of the other designs if desired. A narrow opaque non-reflecting band as indicated by the numeral 9 maybe placed on the horizontal center connecting the similar surfaces at the front and back. With the filament 2 positioned in this manner a perfect reflected image of the filament as indicated by the numeral 10 will be observed as shown in Figure 1 when looking downward into the bulb. With a bulb of this design positioned in a reflector as indicated by the numeral 11 with the center of the bulb as indicated by the numeral 12 located a short distance ahead of the focal point of the reflector which is indicated by the numeral 13 the direct rays of light emanating from the part of the filament that is located on the focal point 13 will pass upward and strike the upper portion of the reflector 11 and be reflected forward in lines parallel to the center of the lamp. In the design shown a light ray as indicated by the numeral 14 is shown passing upward from the focal point and then forward in a line parallel to the center of the lamp and another ray as indicated by the numeral 15 will strike the tip of the reflector and also be reflected forward in a parallel line. A light ray as indicated by the' numeral 16 striking the reflecting portion of the bulb between the points 3 and 4 will pass upward through the central portion of the bulb at a point which is ahead of the focal point and strike the reflector 11 at a point 17 from where it will be reflected forward and slightly downward. Another ray as indicated by the numeral 18 emanating from the filament at the focal point passing downward and striking the reflecting surface between the points 3 and 4 will then pass upward through the bulb at the point 19 and strike the reflector 11 at the point 20 from where it will be reflected forward and downward. It

will therefore be observed that all rays of light will be controlled and reflected ahead in a parallel line or slightly downward, whereas rays of light as indicated by the numerals 21 and 22 will strike the opaque non-reflecting surfaces. Other rays of light as indicated by the numerals 23 and 24 will pass through the clear srace between the points 4 and 8 and pass directly upon the roadway. The diagram shown in Figure 4 illustrates the concentration of the .lght rays on a horizontal plane cut through the rays. In this design it will be observed that the direct reflected rays from the filament which emanate from a pointon the focal point of the reflector will pass forward in parallel lines and form a semi-circle as indicated by the numeral 25 whereas the remaining rays which engage the reflecting surface of the bulb and the rays emanating from the portions of the filament ahead of the focal point will be reflected slightly downward so that they will form the lower semi-circle which is indicated by the numeral 26. It is appreciated that by adjusting the position of a bulb in the reflector it is possible to concentrate the rays of the upper semi-circle as indicated by the numeral 25 downward. into or along the upper edge of the-lower semi-circle as shown in Figure 9. These rays are not objectionable, however as they pass forward in parallel lines and do not incline upward.

In the lamp shown in Figure 5 the surface is formed in sections which may be formed by adding a plurality of ellipses or setting the forward focus of each ellipse slightly ahead and having one focus in common at the filament so that a surface will be formed having the appearance of a plurality of tangents to each succeeding ellipse, each section having a focal point and therefore a reflected image which will produce a result as shown in Figure 5 of a series of images extending forward on the axis of the bulb. The individual sections may be very minute so that an infinite number of tangents to the arcs of the sections may be used which will produce an infinite number of reflected images or a continuous difi'used image so that an evenly distributed light will be produced. This design of lamp will produce a light the cross section of which will be similar to that shown in Figure 8 or by adjusting the bulb it may be focused to produce a cross section similar to that shown in Fi ure 9 or a section similar to'that shown in Figure 12 inwhich the rays of light passing through each of the images will produce bands of light similar to the bands shown in Figure 12 with an intensified light shaft in the center. In this design the light rays will be reflected as shown in Figure 7 with the direct reflected ra s passing forward in parallel lines as in icated by the numerals 29 and the rays from the reflecting coating which extends from the point 27 to the point 28 on the bulb shown in Figure 7, will be reflected as indicated by the lines 30. With a certain series of infinitely short arcs of ellipses a continuous image may be formed. All of the rays will slant downward and be diffused or interwoven so that a flood light will be produced which may be nearly of a constant intensity at all points on the roadway directly ahead of the headlamps. Figure 9 shows a light pattern which may be produced and Figure 13 shows how the light pictured in Figure 9 will strike the roadway.

By positioning the bulb in this manner the direct reflected rays 29 from the upper portion of the reflector which would normally form an intensified light shaft as indicated by the semi-circle 31 shown in Figure 8 will be distributed over the larger semi-circle 32 forming the upper central portion of the light 33. The lateral or horizontal rays from the upper portion of the reflector on the right hand side of the light will cross and strike the plane shown in Figure 9 between the points 33 and 34 and the rays from the left hand side of the reflector will strike the plane shown in Figure 9 between the points 33 and 35. The angle of the reflected rays from the reflecting coating is slightly exaggerated as these rays will actually be distributed so that they will form a light as shown in the plane shown in Figure 9 with an intensified light shaft at the center and the intensity gradually diminishing toward the edge. It is usually desirable to distribute the light rays in this manner as practically this pro-- duces a flood light of the highest efficiency.

It will be seen by comparing the distribution of the rays shown in Figure 9 with the diagram shown in Figure 13 and also with Figure 12 that the intensified light shaft at the center covers a larger area on the surface of the road than the same amount of rays passing through an area a greater distance from the center. To illustrate this the filament which actually forms the intensified light shaft is indicated by the letter A and the images with the rays produced by them respectively indicated by the letters B, C, D,

E, F, and G. The further the reflected image.

is from the filament the smaller the amount of light being reflected through it as less of the surface of the light bulb has a forward image as a focus.

It will be seen that as the intensified light shaft A will strike the surface of the road a greater distance from the lamp and therefore extend forward at a lesser angle, it will strike the road between the points 36 and 37 as shown in Figure 13 and must therefore cover a comparatively large section of the road. The rays of light reflected by the reflecting surface B and passing through the image B and through the plane in the semicircle B will strike the surface of the road between the points 37 and 38 which is a much lesser distance than that between the points 36 and 37 so that it will not require quite as much light to cover this area. The rays coming through the image C from the reflecting surface will therefore strike the surface of the road between the points 38 and 39, thosesurface of the road between the points 39 and l 40, the rays coming through the image E will strike the road between the points 40 and 41,

the rays coming through the image F will strike the road between the points 11 and 42, and the rays coming through the image G which is located at an imaginary oint any distance ahead of the filament wil presumably strike the surface at the road somewhere around the point 43. The lines extending forward from the lamp which is indicated by the numeral 1 shown in Figure 13 are drawn with equal angles between them and it is the lines on the surface of the road gradual- 1y diminishes as the lines strike the road nearer to the lamp so that it should be very apparent that it should not require as many light rays to cover the sections closer to the lamp. The bulb is thus designed to put less light in the images farthest from the filament,

however, it may be designed to put more or less light in any section desired.

The bulbshown in Figures 5, 6, and. 7 is also provided with a reflecting coating) 44 covering the upper portion adjacent the ase and the surface is also covered with a nonreflecting opaque covering 45 extending around the base and covering a portion of the lower part adjacent the base and this is indicated by the numeral 46 and at the front by a band 47. This may be considered as an eflicient non-glare light asall rays that can-.

not positively be controlled are killed by the opaque non-reflecting surfaces and the remaining rays which may be considered as glare rays are reflected and re-reflected so that they will pass through a plane as shown in Figure 9 and therefore produce a flood light or a lamp of the highest possible efliciency. The diagram shown in Figure 8 is typical with the lamp bulb arranged with a portion of the filament on the focal point so that the direct rays from the upper portion of the reflector will form the semi-circle 31 and the reflected rays distributed over a larger semi-circle 32 with the intensity diminishing toward the outer edge. With the bulb positioned in this manner the semi-circle 31 will remain comparatively the same size as the rays are cut in a plane further from the lamp and the size of the semi-circle 32 will increase with the distance from the lamp.

The lamp bulb shown in Figure 10 will produce substantially the same result as that shown in Figures 5 and 7 except that this bulb utilizes more of the light and is therefore much more eflicient, as in this design the front of the bulb is shaped with a curved surface 48, the upper portion of which is covered with a reflecting surface from a point 49 which is slightly above the center to the upper corner. A narrow opaque non-reflecting band may extend across the front of the light below the reflecting surface and this may have a semi-circular portion 50 at the center as shown. Another narrow opaque non-reflecting band may be placed across the upper corner of the front as shown and which may extend from the point51 to the upper forward corner. 1 The surface between the point 49 and the upper corner is so curved that images B, C, D, E, F and G will actually be seen similar to the images shown in Figures 5 and 7 and rays of light from the reflecting surface passing through these images will pass throu h the areas indicated by their respective otters in Figures 9 and 12. Tu this design the lower half of the front between the opaque nonreflecting band and the lower corner is clear .to permit the direct rays to pass downward upon the roadway. The entire lower portion of the bulb from the lower corner at the front to the point 52 and upward practically to the center is covered with a reflecting surface and the upper portion above the-center is also covered between the points 53 and 54. A non-reflecting opaque band 55 is provided at the rear and this may extend around the center at the sides as indicated by the numeral 56. This will leave the upper portion of the bulb clear so that the direct ra s from the filament may pass upward and orward in parallel lines as indicated by the numeral 57 and the reflected rays from the lower portion of the bulb as indicated by the numeral .58 will also pass upward and slightly downward as they are reflected forward. In this design a plurality of rays as indicated by the numeral 59 are shown striking the reflecting surface on the upper portion of the front of the bulb and these are reflected upward so that they will strike the reflector at the section 60 and be reflected forward and downward as shown. This surface is also curved so that when looking in the upper portion of the bulb a plurality of reflected images will be observed which will appear to extend in front of the bulb similar to the images shown in Figure 5. As hereinbefore stated this bulb will produce the same result as the bulb shown in Figures 5 and 7 and it will be possible to design the curve between the points 49 and 50 so that the intensity of the different bands or areas may be controlled to provide a light of any description. The amount of light rays in each of the bands may also be controlled by extending the surface on the bulb so that more rays will be reflected through the respective image produced by the surface so that it will be posslble to shape the reflecting surfaces of the bulb to produce a light ray of any desired lntensity or with the rays distributed as may be desired or intensified at any suitable oint or points. The diagram shown in igure 8 shows the lamp positioned as shown in Figure 7 so that the semi-circle 31 will be produced above the center by the direct parallel rays and the semi-circle 32 will be produced below the center with the rays that slant downward. The parallel rays 29 may be made to slant slightly downward by placing the filament of the lamp slightly ahead of the focal point of the reflector.

The lamp shown in Figure 10 produces a result similar to that shown in Figure 5 as 1' I. we

of the rays to follow the lines as shown in Figure 11. The lamp shown in Figure 14: is theotretically constructed as shown in Figure 16 so that it has a. plurality of focal points. In constructingthis lamp it may be assumed that two ellipses as indicated by the numerals 61 and 62 may be used in which the ellipse 61 has focal points 63 and 64 and the ellipse 62 focal points.65 and 66. These two ellipses may be moved together so that the focal points 64 and 65 will coincide and then another ellipse, as indicated by the numeral 67 and which is provided with focal points 68 and 69, may be moved in toward the center of the bulb on the line 70 until the point 68 coincides with the points 64 and 65 which will produce a bulge at the front of the bulb and then another ellipse as indicated by the numeral 71 and which is provided with focal points 72 and 73 may be moved into the bulb on a line 74 until the focal point 72 coincides with the center of the bulb, which will produce a bulge at one side of the bulb. It will be observed that with the surfaces produced thereby covered with a reflecting coating, reflected images will appear on the points 63, 66, 69 and 73 with the filament placed in the center and by combining any number of ellipses or producing a plurality of bulges which may be positioned upward or downward or at any suitable point on the bulb it will be possible, to produce any number of images in any position. In the design shown in Figure 15 it will be observed that the respective bulges will produce rays passing through the reflected ima es and striking the reflector and therefore y positioning the bulges it will be possible to produce rays of light at any suitable point or combine the rays of light so that any suitable spot may be intensified.

In this design the lower portion of the surface of the bulb is covered with a reflecting surface between the points 75 and 76 and the upper portion between the points 77 and 78 and at the rear: of the bulb is a nonreflecting opaque band 79 connecting with a similar surface 80 at the front with a horizontal band 81 which extends around the sides. In this design the rays will be reflected from the lower portion of the bulb to the upper portion of the reflector and then forward as indicated by the lines 82. By distorting the shape or providin bulges therein where the surface is covere with a reflecting coatin the rays reflected backward past the lament may pass through the central portion of the bulb at either sideof the filament or ahead or behind or wherever desired so that a plurality of reflected images may be produced all around the filament and it will readily be observed that with the rays passing through these points or images they will strike the reflector at at the center with other similar light shafts at the sides with both lamps contributing toward the central shaft and each or both toward the shafts at the sides.

The bulb shown in Figures 17 and 18 is similar to that shown in Figures 14: and 15 with the front indented so that it is somewhat similar to the lamp shown in Figure 10 and in the design shown in Figure 18' the front is so shaped that the greater portion of the light rays may be reflected toward one side and by using a bulb of this design in a motor vehicle headlight it will be possible to directly reflect the rays of light from each of the headlights toward their respective sides. In these designs the upper portions of the front and the entire bulbs may be covered with reflecting and non-reflecting opaque surfaces similar to the bulb shown in Figure 15 and it will readily be observed that these surfaces may be shaped so that it will be possible with this type of bulb also to produce a light of any suitable intensity with the rays directed to any desired point.

The bulb shown in Figure 17 is similar to that shown in Figures 10 and 11 except that the surfaces of the bulb are distorted or bulged about certain points so that reflected images may be produced at any point within the bulb which will make it possible to produce a road light similar to that shown in Figure 21 with a comparatively intense light shaft 83 at the center, comparatively similar light shafts 84 and 85 at the sides, a semi-circular area 86 of a comparatively even light at the center and another area 87 at the bottom which will produce a light that is commonly known as a flood light, or with bright light shafts at all points and with all of the light below the center or comparatively parallel to the center of the lamp. In Figures 19 and 20 it will be observed that the rays may be concentratd at the points shown in Figure 21 or at any suitable point. One direct ray from the filament as indicated by the numeral 88 and shown in the comparatively heavy lines in Figure 20 will pass upward as indicated by the line 90 which is comparatively parallel to the axis of the lamp. At the same time another ray from the filament as indicated by. the line 91 and passing downward will strike the reflecting surface of the bulb at the point 92 and be reflected upward passing through the center of the bulb at a point slightly ahead and to one side of the filament as shown in Figure 17 and striking the reflector at the point 89 from where it will be reflected downward as indicated by the line 91. This line will at the same time pass from the point 89 forward and slightly to one side as indicated by the line 91 in Figure 19 as the ray striking the reflector at the point 89 will be coming from a point to one side of the filament. Another direct ray indicated by the line 93 will strike the reflector at a point 94 and pass forward in a parallel line as indicated by the numeral 95. This line will pass straight ahead as indicated by the line 95 in Figure 19. Another ray as indicated by the numeral 96 is reflected upward through a point 97 where the reflected image will appear as shown in Figure 17 may then also strike the reflector at the point 94 and be reflected forward and downward as indicated by the numeral 96 in a comparatively greater angle than that of the ray 91 and also in a comparatively greater horizontal angle as in dicated by the line 96 in Figure 19. It will therefore be observed that it will be possible to position the filament in an incandescent lamp bulb and shape the surface of the bulb so that it will be possible to reflect and rereflect rays of light from the filament to any suitable point and therefore concentrate a plurality of rays to form an intensified light shaft in the center of the light or to either side or produce a plurality of light shafts or to distribute the rays so that an even light will be produced which will cover any desired area.

In the design shown in Figures 22 and 23 the bulb is provided with a baflle 98 which is positioned upon the filament support 99 so that all rays from the filament that would strike the base of the lamp or an area around the base are reflected against the reflector in which the bulb is positioned in such a manner that they may be re-reflected upon the roadway or toward the sides. This type of lamp bulb will produce the highest possible efficiency, as, whereas it was necessary to kill some of the rays of light in the other designs it is possible by using this battle to utilize all of the rays of light.

In the design shown in Figure 22 the baflle is used with a lamp bulb similar to the bulb shown in Figure 10with the front indented and the upper portion thereof covered with a reflecting surface 100. In this design the rays striking the surface 100 may be reflected and re-reflected as hereinbefore described and the exception of the reflecting coating 100 at the front and direct rays as, indicated by the numerals 103 will pass out of both the upper and lower portions of the bulb and be reflected forward by the reflector in parallel lines.

The design shown in Figure 23 produces a similar action except that rays striking the reflecting coating 104 that is similar to the coating 100 may be reflected backward as indicated by the line 105 so that they will strike the bafiie 98 and be reflected downward as shown. The bulb will otherwise function similar to the bulb shown in Figure 22.

The bafile 98 may be shaped so that the rays of light striking it may be reflected to any suitable point. While the design shown in Figures 24, 25, and 26 may be preferable it v is understood that the baflle may be made of any other suitable design. In. this design the baflie is provided with a curved portion 106 somewhat similar to'the upper half of the reflector and this extends downward to the point 107 Where it spreads outward to the points 108 and 109 and then downward forming a semi-circle as shown in Figure 24. The upper portion 106 is provided with a central rib 110 which is curved as shown in Figure 24 from the tips thereof backward and this rib extends through the lower portion to the points 111 and 112 as shown in Figures 25 and 26. This rib is curved as shown in Figure 26 so that a ray of light striking it will pass outward toward the side where it will strike the reflector around the lamp bulb and be reflected forward and the outer portions of the lower part of the bafile between the points 108, 111 and 109 and 112 are curved as shown in Figure 26 so that the rays striking them will also be reflected outward. The portion 110 is also curved in a similar manner and all rays striking the section 106 will be reflected downward and outward also. will therefore be apparent that it will be possible to shape this baflie in such a manner that the rays of light from the filament may be reflected downward and outward to any suitable point. This baffle may be positioned upon the filament support and may be held in position b supports 113 if desired.

In the esign shown in Figure 27 the position of the bulb is reversed so that the rays will pass out through the lower portion of the bulb instead of through the upper portion and therefore the lower portion of the reflector will be utilized instead of the upper portion as shown in practically all of the designs from Figures 1 to 21. It is understood that any of the combinations of opaque non-reflecting surfaces and reflecting surfaces shown in anyof the former designs may be used in the inverted position or with the bulb shown in Figure 27.

The bulb shown in Figure 27 is provided with an opaque non-reflecting band 114 around the base, a similar opaque non-reflecting surface 115 at the front and a similar horizontal band 116 connecting these surfaces at the sides. The upper portion of the bulb is covered with a reflecting surface 117 and it will be observed that the rays will be reflected downward so that they will strike the lower portion of the reflector and, pass downward and outward and by positioning the filament in relation to the focal point in the reflector it will be possible to cause these rays to pass forward through the same areas and produce the same result obtained by the former designs. The surface of this bulb may be shaped with a plurality of reflecting sections similar to the bulb shown in Figure 5 except that the sections will be arranged so that the reflected images will fall behind the filament instead of ahead of it, as shown in dotted lines.

It will be understood that changes may be made in the construction without departing from the spirit of the invention. One of which changes may be in the use of a bulb of any other shape, another may be in the positioning of the reflecting surface of the bulb to intercept any other rays of the light, another may be in the use of afilament of any suitable type or design, another may be in the use of a diflerent type of a base for the bulb, another may be in the use of a baflle of a different type or design, and still another may be in the use of the lamp bulb with the reflector of a diflt'erent type or design, or for any other purpose.

The construction will be readily understood from the foregoing description. To use the device it may be installed in a reflector with the filament positioned in relation to the focal point of the reflector so that the rays may be concentrated as desired. The design of the bulb and the positioning of the reflecting coating thereon may be modified to correspond with different types of reflectors or to produce difierent types of 1i ht.

Any other combinations of the lament, reflecting surfaces and shape of the bulb may be used or different combinations of the designs or shapes of the bulb surfaces may be use This light may readily be arranged to eliminate all glare rays of motor vehicle headlights by causing all of the rays to pass slightly downward and may be designed so that the light rays will pierce a fog or light the sides of the road, the center, or throw the main portion of the light a considerable distance ahead of the car or directly upon the road in front of the car as may be desired. It may also be desired to produce any combination of the above conditions.

The entire invention rests on a singleprinciple; the fact that when light rays are directed against a plane mirror at different angles the light rays are reflected in different directions.

The invention utilizes this principle by directing against the headlight reflector WORTH G. GOSS. 

